![]() ![]() ![]() Using phosphorylated CSF1R at tyrosine residue 723 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 at tyrosine reside 694 as markers for CSF1R activation, we found selective activation of CSF1R signaling in infected brain macrophages in encephalitis. Moreover, the per cell expression of CSF1R determined by its mean pixel intensity (MPI) correlated positively with the MPI of SIV Gag p28 in SIV‐infected PVMs. Interestingly, we found significantly increased expression of CSF1R on the infected PVMs and lesional macrophages in the brains of encephalitic macaques. Brain macrophages, including perivascular macrophages (PVMs), expressed higher levels of CSF1R compared to microglia. Microglia constitutively expressed CSF1R at low levels, and its expression was largely unchanged in non‐encephalitic and encephalitic animals. In the normal uninfected brain, CSF1R protein was detected only on microglia and brain macrophages but not on neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. We examined, using multi‐label and semi‐quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy, the protein expression level and cellular localization of CSF1R in brain tissues from uninfected controls and SIV‐infected adult macaques with or without encephalitis and also from uninfected controls, HIV‐infected encephalitic subjects and virally suppressed subjects. ![]() In the present study, we investigated whether colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is expressed on brain macrophages and microglia in the human and macaque brain and whether it is upregulated and activated after lentivirus infection in vivo and contributes to development of encephalitic lesions. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |